1-Min Typing Test / Typing Guide / See what modifier keys produce

See what modifier keys produce

This page is for learners who already know the rough keyboard layout and now want to inspect the deeper symbol layers. Modifier keys can turn the same source key into accents, math symbols, currency marks, or dead keys.

Use the tabs to switch across macOS / Windows, JIS / US, and the active modifier state so you can compare how the character layer changes.

Legend

Direct output

The key produces a visible character immediately in this modifier state.

Dead key

The key waits for the next keystroke and combines with it instead of printing immediately.

No direct output

This setup does not emit a standalone character here, or it behaves more like a shortcut.

Varies by setup

Expect differences across IMEs, layout profiles, input sources, or specific apps.

What — means

— does not mean the guide is unfinished. Check the note column to see whether the key has no direct output or needs local verification.

Operating systems

Layouts

Modifier states

JIS / Plain

macOS JIS

The base output without any modifier key.

Assumption: representative JIS / US output based on the macOS Keyboard Viewer

Mix in this state: Direct 48

Characters visible in this state

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

0 0

- -

^ ^

¥ ¥

Q q

W w

E e

R r

T t

Y y

U u

I i

O o

P p

@ @

[ [

A a

S s

D d

F f

G g

H h

J j

K k

L l

; ;

: :

] ]

Z z

X x

C c

V v

B b

N n

M m

, ,

. .

/ /

\ \

Source key	Current output	Notes
1	1	Direct output
2	2	Direct output
3	3	Direct output
4	4	Direct output
5	5	Direct output
6	6	Direct output
7	7	Direct output
8	8	Direct output
9	9	Direct output
0	0	Direct output
-	-	Direct output
^	^	Direct output
¥	¥	Direct output
Q	q	Direct output
W	w	Direct output
E	e	Direct output
R	r	Direct output
T	t	Direct output
Y	y	Direct output
U	u	Direct output
I	i	Direct output
O	o	Direct output
P	p	Direct output
@	@	Direct output
[	[	Direct output
A	a	Direct output
S	s	Direct output
D	d	Direct output
F	f	Direct output
G	g	Direct output
H	h	Direct output
J	j	Direct output
K	k	Direct output
L	l	Direct output
;	;	Direct output
:	:	Direct output
]	]	Direct output
Z	z	Direct output
X	x	Direct output
C	c	Direct output
V	v	Direct output
B	b	Direct output
N	n	Direct output
M	m	Direct output
,	,	Direct output
.	.	Direct output
/	/	Direct output
\	\	Direct output

JIS / Shift

macOS JIS

The uppercase or shifted-symbol layer.

Assumption: representative JIS / US output based on the macOS Keyboard Viewer

Mix in this state: Direct 47 / No direct output 1

Characters visible in this state

1 !

2 "

3 #

4 $

5 %

6 &

7 '

8 (

9 )

0 —

- =

^ ~

¥ |

Q Q

W W

E E

R R

T T

Y Y

U U

I I

O O

P P

@ `

[ {

A A

S S

D D

F F

G G

H H

J J

K K

L L

; +

: *

] }

Z Z

X X

C C

V V

B B

N N

M M

, <

. >

/ ?

\ _

Source key	Current output	Notes
1	!	Direct output
2	"	Direct output
3	#	Direct output
4	$	Direct output
5	%	Direct output
6	&	Direct output
7	'	Direct output
8	(	Direct output
9	)	Direct output
0	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
-	=	Direct output
^	~	Direct output
¥	\|	Direct output
Q	Q	Direct output
W	W	Direct output
E	E	Direct output
R	R	Direct output
T	T	Direct output
Y	Y	Direct output
U	U	Direct output
I	I	Direct output
O	O	Direct output
P	P	Direct output
@	`	Direct output
[	{	Direct output
A	A	Direct output
S	S	Direct output
D	D	Direct output
F	F	Direct output
G	G	Direct output
H	H	Direct output
J	J	Direct output
K	K	Direct output
L	L	Direct output
;	+	Direct output
:	*	Direct output
]	}	Direct output
Z	Z	Direct output
X	X	Direct output
C	C	Direct output
V	V	Direct output
B	B	Direct output
N	N	Direct output
M	M	Direct output
,	<	Direct output
.	>	Direct output
/	?	Direct output
\	_	Direct output

JIS / Option

macOS JIS

Holding Option exposes direct symbols, accent marks, and math-friendly characters on some keys.

Assumption: representative JIS / US output based on the macOS Keyboard Viewer

Mix in this state: Direct 40 / Dead key 6 / Varies by setup 2

Characters visible in this state

1 ¡

2 ™

3 £

4 ¢

5 ∞

6 §

7 ¶

8 •

9 ª

0 º

- –

^ ≠

¥ —

Q œ

W ∑

E ´

R ®

T †

Y ¥

U ¨

I ˆ

O ø

P π

@ “

[ ‘

A å

S ß

D ∂

F ƒ

G ©

H ˙

J ∆

K ˚

L ¬

; …

: æ

] «

Z Ω

X ≈

C ç

V √

B ∫

N ˜

M µ

, ≤

. ≥

/ ÷

\ —

Source key	Current output	Notes
1	¡	Direct output
2	™	Direct output
3	£	Direct output
4	¢	Direct output
5	∞	Direct output
6	§	Direct output
7	¶	Direct output
8	•	Direct output
9	ª	Direct output
0	º	Direct output
-	–	Direct output
^	≠	Direct output
¥	—	Check Keyboard Viewer or the system keyboard viewer
Q	œ	Direct output
W	∑	Direct output
E	´	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
R	®	Direct output
T	†	Direct output
Y	¥	Direct output
U	¨	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
I	ˆ	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
O	ø	Direct output
P	π	Direct output
@	“	Direct output
[	‘	Direct output
A	å	Direct output
S	ß	Direct output
D	∂	Direct output
F	ƒ	Direct output
G	©	Direct output
H	˙	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
J	∆	Direct output
K	˚	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
L	¬	Direct output
;	…	Direct output
:	æ	Direct output
]	«	Direct output
Z	Ω	Direct output
X	≈	Direct output
C	ç	Direct output
V	√	Direct output
B	∫	Direct output
N	˜	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
M	µ	Direct output
,	≤	Direct output
.	≥	Direct output
/	÷	Direct output
\	—	Check Keyboard Viewer or the system keyboard viewer

JIS / Option + Shift

macOS JIS

Option+Shift is useful for checking the heavier symbol layer and alternate glyphs.

Assumption: representative JIS / US output based on the macOS Keyboard Viewer

Mix in this state: Direct 42 / Dead key 4 / Varies by setup 2

Characters visible in this state

1 ⁄

2 €

3 ‹

4 ›

5 ﬁ

6 ﬂ

7 ‡

8 °

9 ·

0 ‚

- —

^ ±

¥ —

Q Œ

W „

E ´

R ‰

T ˇ

Y Á

U ¨

I ˆ

O Ø

P ∏

@ ”

[ ’

A Å

S Í

D Î

F Ï

G ˝

H Ó

J Ô

K 

L Ò

; Ú

: Æ

] »

Z ¸

X ˛

C Ç

V ◊

B ı

N ˜

M Â

, ¯

. ˘

/ ¿

\ —

Source key	Current output	Notes
1	⁄	Direct output
2	€	Direct output
3	‹	Direct output
4	›	Direct output
5	ﬁ	Direct output
6	ﬂ	Direct output
7	‡	Direct output
8	°	Direct output
9	·	Direct output
0	‚	Direct output
-	—	Direct output
^	±	Direct output
¥	—	Check Keyboard Viewer or the system keyboard viewer
Q	Œ	Direct output
W	„	Direct output
E	´	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
R	‰	Direct output
T	ˇ	Direct output
Y	Á	Direct output
U	¨	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
I	ˆ	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
O	Ø	Direct output
P	∏	Direct output
@	”	Direct output
[	’	Direct output
A	Å	Direct output
S	Í	Direct output
D	Î	Direct output
F	Ï	Direct output
G	˝	Direct output
H	Ó	Direct output
J	Ô	Direct output
K		Direct output
L	Ò	Direct output
;	Ú	Direct output
:	Æ	Direct output
]	»	Direct output
Z	¸	Direct output
X	˛	Direct output
C	Ç	Direct output
V	◊	Direct output
B	ı	Direct output
N	˜	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
M	Â	Direct output
,	¯	Direct output
.	˘	Direct output
/	¿	Direct output
\	—	Check Keyboard Viewer or the system keyboard viewer

US / Plain

macOS US

The base output without any modifier key.

Assumption: representative JIS / US output based on the macOS Keyboard Viewer

Mix in this state: Direct 47

Characters visible in this state

` `

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

0 0

- -

= =

Q q

W w

E e

R r

T t

Y y

U u

I i

O o

P p

[ [

] ]

\ \

A a

S s

D d

F f

G g

H h

J j

K k

L l

; ;

' '

Z z

X x

C c

V v

B b

N n

M m

, ,

. .

/ /

Source key	Current output	Notes
`	`	Direct output
1	1	Direct output
2	2	Direct output
3	3	Direct output
4	4	Direct output
5	5	Direct output
6	6	Direct output
7	7	Direct output
8	8	Direct output
9	9	Direct output
0	0	Direct output
-	-	Direct output
=	=	Direct output
Q	q	Direct output
W	w	Direct output
E	e	Direct output
R	r	Direct output
T	t	Direct output
Y	y	Direct output
U	u	Direct output
I	i	Direct output
O	o	Direct output
P	p	Direct output
[	[	Direct output
]	]	Direct output
\	\	Direct output
A	a	Direct output
S	s	Direct output
D	d	Direct output
F	f	Direct output
G	g	Direct output
H	h	Direct output
J	j	Direct output
K	k	Direct output
L	l	Direct output
;	;	Direct output
'	'	Direct output
Z	z	Direct output
X	x	Direct output
C	c	Direct output
V	v	Direct output
B	b	Direct output
N	n	Direct output
M	m	Direct output
,	,	Direct output
.	.	Direct output
/	/	Direct output

US / Shift

macOS US

The uppercase or shifted-symbol layer.

Assumption: representative JIS / US output based on the macOS Keyboard Viewer

Mix in this state: Direct 47

Characters visible in this state

` ~

1 !

2 @

3 #

4 $

5 %

6 ^

7 &

8 *

9 (

0 )

- _

= +

Q Q

W W

E E

R R

T T

Y Y

U U

I I

O O

P P

[ {

] }

\ |

A A

S S

D D

F F

G G

H H

J J

K K

L L

; :

' "

Z Z

X X

C C

V V

B B

N N

M M

, <

. >

/ ?

Source key	Current output	Notes
`	~	Direct output
1	!	Direct output
2	@	Direct output
3	#	Direct output
4	$	Direct output
5	%	Direct output
6	^	Direct output
7	&	Direct output
8	*	Direct output
9	(	Direct output
0	)	Direct output
-	_	Direct output
=	+	Direct output
Q	Q	Direct output
W	W	Direct output
E	E	Direct output
R	R	Direct output
T	T	Direct output
Y	Y	Direct output
U	U	Direct output
I	I	Direct output
O	O	Direct output
P	P	Direct output
[	{	Direct output
]	}	Direct output
\	\|	Direct output
A	A	Direct output
S	S	Direct output
D	D	Direct output
F	F	Direct output
G	G	Direct output
H	H	Direct output
J	J	Direct output
K	K	Direct output
L	L	Direct output
;	:	Direct output
'	"	Direct output
Z	Z	Direct output
X	X	Direct output
C	C	Direct output
V	V	Direct output
B	B	Direct output
N	N	Direct output
M	M	Direct output
,	<	Direct output
.	>	Direct output
/	?	Direct output

US / Option

macOS US

Holding Option exposes direct symbols, accent marks, and math-friendly characters on some keys.

Assumption: representative JIS / US output based on the macOS Keyboard Viewer

Mix in this state: Direct 40 / Dead key 7

Characters visible in this state

` `

1 ¡

2 ™

3 £

4 ¢

5 ∞

6 §

7 ¶

8 •

9 ª

0 º

- –

= ≠

Q œ

W ∑

E ´

R ®

T †

Y ¥

U ¨

I ˆ

O ø

P π

[ “

] ‘

\ «

A å

S ß

D ∂

F ƒ

G ©

H ˙

J ∆

K ˚

L ¬

; …

' æ

Z Ω

X ≈

C ç

V √

B ∫

N ˜

M µ

, ≤

. ≥

/ ÷

Source key	Current output	Notes
`	`	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
1	¡	Direct output
2	™	Direct output
3	£	Direct output
4	¢	Direct output
5	∞	Direct output
6	§	Direct output
7	¶	Direct output
8	•	Direct output
9	ª	Direct output
0	º	Direct output
-	–	Direct output
=	≠	Direct output
Q	œ	Direct output
W	∑	Direct output
E	´	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
R	®	Direct output
T	†	Direct output
Y	¥	Direct output
U	¨	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
I	ˆ	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
O	ø	Direct output
P	π	Direct output
[	“	Direct output
]	‘	Direct output
\	«	Direct output
A	å	Direct output
S	ß	Direct output
D	∂	Direct output
F	ƒ	Direct output
G	©	Direct output
H	˙	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
J	∆	Direct output
K	˚	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
L	¬	Direct output
;	…	Direct output
'	æ	Direct output
Z	Ω	Direct output
X	≈	Direct output
C	ç	Direct output
V	√	Direct output
B	∫	Direct output
N	˜	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
M	µ	Direct output
,	≤	Direct output
.	≥	Direct output
/	÷	Direct output

US / Option + Shift

macOS US

Option+Shift is useful for checking the heavier symbol layer and alternate glyphs.

Assumption: representative JIS / US output based on the macOS Keyboard Viewer

Mix in this state: Direct 42 / Dead key 5

Characters visible in this state

` `

1 ⁄

2 €

3 ‹

4 ›

5 ﬁ

6 ﬂ

7 ‡

8 °

9 ·

0 ‚

- —

= ±

Q Œ

W „

E ´

R ‰

T ˇ

Y Á

U ¨

I ˆ

O Ø

P ∏

[ ”

] ’

\ »

A Å

S Í

D Î

F Ï

G ˝

H Ó

J Ô

K 

L Ò

; Ú

' Æ

Z ¸

X ˛

C Ç

V ◊

B ı

N ˜

M Â

, ¯

. ˘

/ ¿

Source key	Current output	Notes
`	`	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
1	⁄	Direct output
2	€	Direct output
3	‹	Direct output
4	›	Direct output
5	ﬁ	Direct output
6	ﬂ	Direct output
7	‡	Direct output
8	°	Direct output
9	·	Direct output
0	‚	Direct output
-	—	Direct output
=	±	Direct output
Q	Œ	Direct output
W	„	Direct output
E	´	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
R	‰	Direct output
T	ˇ	Direct output
Y	Á	Direct output
U	¨	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
I	ˆ	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
O	Ø	Direct output
P	∏	Direct output
[	”	Direct output
]	’	Direct output
\	»	Direct output
A	Å	Direct output
S	Í	Direct output
D	Î	Direct output
F	Ï	Direct output
G	˝	Direct output
H	Ó	Direct output
J	Ô	Direct output
K		Direct output
L	Ò	Direct output
;	Ú	Direct output
'	Æ	Direct output
Z	¸	Direct output
X	˛	Direct output
C	Ç	Direct output
V	◊	Direct output
B	ı	Direct output
N	˜	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
M	Â	Direct output
,	¯	Direct output
.	˘	Direct output
/	¿	Direct output

JIS / Plain

Windows JIS

The base state without any extra modifier key.

Assumption: Windows Japanese keyboard with Microsoft IME

Mix in this state: Direct 48

Characters visible in this state

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

0 0

- -

^ ^

¥ ¥

Q q

W w

E e

R r

T t

Y y

U u

I i

O o

P p

@ @

[ [

A a

S s

D d

F f

G g

H h

J j

K k

L l

; ;

: :

] ]

Z z

X x

C c

V v

B b

N n

M m

, ,

. .

/ /

\ \

Source key	Current output	Notes
1	1	Direct output
2	2	Direct output
3	3	Direct output
4	4	Direct output
5	5	Direct output
6	6	Direct output
7	7	Direct output
8	8	Direct output
9	9	Direct output
0	0	Direct output
-	-	Direct output
^	^	Direct output
¥	¥	Direct output
Q	q	Direct output
W	w	Direct output
E	e	Direct output
R	r	Direct output
T	t	Direct output
Y	y	Direct output
U	u	Direct output
I	i	Direct output
O	o	Direct output
P	p	Direct output
@	@	Direct output
[	[	Direct output
A	a	Direct output
S	s	Direct output
D	d	Direct output
F	f	Direct output
G	g	Direct output
H	h	Direct output
J	j	Direct output
K	k	Direct output
L	l	Direct output
;	;	Direct output
:	:	Direct output
]	]	Direct output
Z	z	Direct output
X	x	Direct output
C	c	Direct output
V	v	Direct output
B	b	Direct output
N	n	Direct output
M	m	Direct output
,	,	Direct output
.	.	Direct output
/	/	Direct output
\	\	Direct output

JIS / Shift

Windows JIS

The uppercase or shifted-symbol state.

Assumption: Windows Japanese keyboard with Microsoft IME

Mix in this state: Direct 47 / No direct output 1

Characters visible in this state

1 !

2 "

3 #

4 $

5 %

6 &

7 '

8 (

9 )

0 —

- =

^ ~

¥ |

Q Q

W W

E E

R R

T T

Y Y

U U

I I

O O

P P

@ `

[ {

A A

S S

D D

F F

G G

H H

J J

K K

L L

; +

: *

] }

Z Z

X X

C C

V V

B B

N N

M M

, <

. >

/ ?

\ _

Source key	Current output	Notes
1	!	Direct output
2	"	Direct output
3	#	Direct output
4	$	Direct output
5	%	Direct output
6	&	Direct output
7	'	Direct output
8	(	Direct output
9	)	Direct output
0	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
-	=	Direct output
^	~	Direct output
¥	\|	Direct output
Q	Q	Direct output
W	W	Direct output
E	E	Direct output
R	R	Direct output
T	T	Direct output
Y	Y	Direct output
U	U	Direct output
I	I	Direct output
O	O	Direct output
P	P	Direct output
@	`	Direct output
[	{	Direct output
A	A	Direct output
S	S	Direct output
D	D	Direct output
F	F	Direct output
G	G	Direct output
H	H	Direct output
J	J	Direct output
K	K	Direct output
L	L	Direct output
;	+	Direct output
:	*	Direct output
]	}	Direct output
Z	Z	Direct output
X	X	Direct output
C	C	Direct output
V	V	Direct output
B	B	Direct output
N	N	Direct output
M	M	Direct output
,	<	Direct output
.	>	Direct output
/	?	Direct output
\	_	Direct output

JIS / AltGr

Windows JIS

Windows AltGr output varies more, and JIS often leaves many keys without a standalone character layer. This view separates representative outputs from keys you should verify locally.

Assumption: Windows Japanese keyboard with Microsoft IME

Mix in this state: No direct output 39 / Varies by setup 9

Characters visible in this state

1 —

2 —

3 —

4 —

5 —

6 —

7 —

8 —

9 —

0 —

- —

^ —

¥ —

Q —

W —

E —

R —

T —

Y —

U —

I —

O —

P —

@ —

[ —

A —

S —

D —

F —

G —

H —

J —

K —

L —

; —

: —

] —

Z —

X —

C —

V —

B —

N —

M —

, —

. —

/ —

\ —

Source key	Current output	Notes
1	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
2	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
3	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
4	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
5	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
6	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
7	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
8	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
9	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
0	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
-	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
^	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings
¥	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings
Q	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
W	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
E	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
R	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
T	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
Y	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
U	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
I	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
O	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
P	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
@	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings
[	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings
A	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
S	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
D	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
F	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
G	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
H	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
J	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
K	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
L	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
;	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings
:	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings
]	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings
Z	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
X	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
C	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
V	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
B	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
N	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
M	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
,	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
.	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
/	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings
\	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings

JIS / Shift + AltGr

Windows JIS

Shift+AltGr becomes even more layout-dependent. On JIS you may only see differences on a small set of OEM symbol keys, and results change quickly outside the listed assumptions.

Assumption: Windows Japanese keyboard with Microsoft IME

Mix in this state: No direct output 39 / Varies by setup 9

Characters visible in this state

1 —

2 —

3 —

4 —

5 —

6 —

7 —

8 —

9 —

0 —

- —

^ —

¥ —

Q —

W —

E —

R —

T —

Y —

U —

I —

O —

P —

@ —

[ —

A —

S —

D —

F —

G —

H —

J —

K —

L —

; —

: —

] —

Z —

X —

C —

V —

B —

N —

M —

, —

. —

/ —

\ —

Source key	Current output	Notes
1	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
2	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
3	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
4	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
5	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
6	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
7	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
8	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
9	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
0	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
-	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
^	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings
¥	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings
Q	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
W	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
E	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
R	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
T	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
Y	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
U	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
I	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
O	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
P	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
@	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings
[	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings
A	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
S	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
D	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
F	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
G	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
H	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
J	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
K	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
L	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
;	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings
:	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings
]	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings
Z	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
X	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
C	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
V	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
B	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
N	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
M	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
,	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
.	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
/	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings
\	—	This often changes with your IME and layout settings

US / Plain

Windows US

The base state without any extra modifier key.

Assumption: Windows US-International

Mix in this state: Direct 45 / Dead key 2

Characters visible in this state

` `

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

0 0

- -

= =

Q q

W w

E e

R r

T t

Y y

U u

I i

O o

P p

[ [

] ]

\ \

A a

S s

D d

F f

G g

H h

J j

K k

L l

; ;

' '

Z z

X x

C c

V v

B b

N n

M m

, ,

. .

/ /

Source key	Current output	Notes
`	`	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
1	1	Direct output
2	2	Direct output
3	3	Direct output
4	4	Direct output
5	5	Direct output
6	6	Direct output
7	7	Direct output
8	8	Direct output
9	9	Direct output
0	0	Direct output
-	-	Direct output
=	=	Direct output
Q	q	Direct output
W	w	Direct output
E	e	Direct output
R	r	Direct output
T	t	Direct output
Y	y	Direct output
U	u	Direct output
I	i	Direct output
O	o	Direct output
P	p	Direct output
[	[	Direct output
]	]	Direct output
\	\	Direct output
A	a	Direct output
S	s	Direct output
D	d	Direct output
F	f	Direct output
G	g	Direct output
H	h	Direct output
J	j	Direct output
K	k	Direct output
L	l	Direct output
;	;	Direct output
'	'	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
Z	z	Direct output
X	x	Direct output
C	c	Direct output
V	v	Direct output
B	b	Direct output
N	n	Direct output
M	m	Direct output
,	,	Direct output
.	.	Direct output
/	/	Direct output

US / Shift

Windows US

The uppercase or shifted-symbol state.

Assumption: Windows US-International

Mix in this state: Direct 44 / Dead key 3

Characters visible in this state

` ~

1 !

2 @

3 #

4 $

5 %

6 ^

7 &

8 *

9 (

0 )

- _

= +

Q Q

W W

E E

R R

T T

Y Y

U U

I I

O O

P P

[ {

] }

\ |

A A

S S

D D

F F

G G

H H

J J

K K

L L

; :

' "

Z Z

X X

C C

V V

B B

N N

M M

, <

. >

/ ?

Source key	Current output	Notes
`	~	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
1	!	Direct output
2	@	Direct output
3	#	Direct output
4	$	Direct output
5	%	Direct output
6	^	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
7	&	Direct output
8	*	Direct output
9	(	Direct output
0	)	Direct output
-	_	Direct output
=	+	Direct output
Q	Q	Direct output
W	W	Direct output
E	E	Direct output
R	R	Direct output
T	T	Direct output
Y	Y	Direct output
U	U	Direct output
I	I	Direct output
O	O	Direct output
P	P	Direct output
[	{	Direct output
]	}	Direct output
\	\|	Direct output
A	A	Direct output
S	S	Direct output
D	D	Direct output
F	F	Direct output
G	G	Direct output
H	H	Direct output
J	J	Direct output
K	K	Direct output
L	L	Direct output
;	:	Direct output
'	"	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
Z	Z	Direct output
X	X	Direct output
C	C	Direct output
V	V	Direct output
B	B	Direct output
N	N	Direct output
M	M	Direct output
,	<	Direct output
.	>	Direct output
/	?	Direct output

US / AltGr

Windows US

Windows AltGr output varies more, and JIS often leaves many keys without a standalone character layer. This view separates representative outputs from keys you should verify locally.

Assumption: Windows US-International

Mix in this state: Direct 36 / Dead key 1 / No direct output 10

Characters visible in this state

` —

1 ¡

2 ²

3 ³

4 ¤

5 €

6 ¼

7 ½

8 ¾

9 ‘

0 ’

- ¥

= ×

Q ä

W å

E é

R ®

T þ

Y ü

U ú

I í

O ó

P ö

[ «

] »

\ ¬

A á

S ß

D ð

F —

G —

H —

J —

K —

L ø

; ¶

' ´

Z æ

X —

C ©

V —

B —

N ñ

M µ

, ç

. —

/ ¿

Source key	Current output	Notes
`	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
1	¡	Direct output
2	²	Direct output
3	³	Direct output
4	¤	Direct output
5	€	Direct output
6	¼	Direct output
7	½	Direct output
8	¾	Direct output
9	‘	Direct output
0	’	Direct output
-	¥	Direct output
=	×	Direct output
Q	ä	Direct output
W	å	Direct output
E	é	Direct output
R	®	Direct output
T	þ	Direct output
Y	ü	Direct output
U	ú	Direct output
I	í	Direct output
O	ó	Direct output
P	ö	Direct output
[	«	Direct output
]	»	Direct output
\	¬	Direct output
A	á	Direct output
S	ß	Direct output
D	ð	Direct output
F	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
G	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
H	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
J	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
K	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
L	ø	Direct output
;	¶	Direct output
'	´	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
Z	æ	Direct output
X	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
C	©	Direct output
V	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
B	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
N	ñ	Direct output
M	µ	Direct output
,	ç	Direct output
.	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
/	¿	Direct output

US / Shift + AltGr

Windows US

Shift+AltGr becomes even more layout-dependent. On JIS you may only see differences on a small set of OEM symbol keys, and results change quickly outside the listed assumptions.

Assumption: Windows US-International

Mix in this state: Direct 21 / Dead key 1 / No direct output 25

Characters visible in this state

` —

1 ¹

2 —

3 —

4 £

5 —

6 —

7 —

8 —

9 —

0 —

- —

= ÷

Q Ä

W Å

E É

R —

T Þ

Y Ü

U Ú

I Í

O Ó

P Ö

[ —

] —

\ ¦

A Á

S §

D Ð

F —

G —

H —

J —

K —

L Ø

; °

' ¨

Z Æ

X —

C ¢

V —

B —

N —

M —

, Ç

. —

/ —

Source key	Current output	Notes
`	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
1	¹	Direct output
2	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
3	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
4	£	Direct output
5	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
6	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
7	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
8	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
9	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
0	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
-	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
=	÷	Direct output
Q	Ä	Direct output
W	Å	Direct output
E	É	Direct output
R	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
T	Þ	Direct output
Y	Ü	Direct output
U	Ú	Direct output
I	Í	Direct output
O	Ó	Direct output
P	Ö	Direct output
[	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
]	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
\	¦	Direct output
A	Á	Direct output
S	§	Direct output
D	Ð	Direct output
F	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
G	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
H	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
J	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
K	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
L	Ø	Direct output
;	°	Direct output
'	¨	Dead key. Combine it with the next key.
Z	Æ	Direct output
X	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
C	¢	Direct output
V	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
B	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
N	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
M	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
,	Ç	Direct output
.	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut
/	—	No direct character output, or it behaves more like a shortcut

Assumptions and limits

These tables assume one fixed setup per OS and layout. Windows AltGr behavior in particular changes more often with the active input source and layout profile, so treat those panels as a structured reference rather than an absolute promise for every machine.

Back to the 1-minute typing test

When you want to leave the symbol view and return to actual practice, jump back to the typing test.

Back to the 1-minute typing test

Legend

What — means

JIS / Plain

Characters visible in this state

JIS / Shift

Characters visible in this state

JIS / Option

Characters visible in this state

JIS / Option + Shift

Characters visible in this state

US / Plain

Characters visible in this state

US / Shift

Characters visible in this state

US / Option

Characters visible in this state

US / Option + Shift

Characters visible in this state

JIS / Plain

Characters visible in this state

JIS / Shift

Characters visible in this state

JIS / AltGr

Characters visible in this state

JIS / Shift + AltGr

Characters visible in this state

US / Plain

Characters visible in this state

US / Shift

Characters visible in this state

US / AltGr

Characters visible in this state

US / Shift + AltGr

Characters visible in this state

Assumptions and limits

Back to the 1-minute typing test

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